Package org.zkoss.bind.impl

Class BinderImpl

    • Field Detail

      • DISABLE_METHOD_CACHE

        public static final boolean DISABLE_METHOD_CACHE

      • ZKFORMPROXYNOTIFIEDKEY

        public static final java.lang.String ZKFORMPROXYNOTIFIEDKEY
        See Also:
        Constant Field Values

    • Constructor Detail

      • BinderImpl

        public BinderImpl()

      • BinderImpl

        public BinderImpl​(java.lang.String qname,
                  java.lang.String qscope)

    • Method Detail

      • init

        public void init​(Component comp,
                 java.lang.Object viewModel,
                 java.util.Map<java.lang.String,​java.lang.Object> initArgs)
        Description copied from interface: Binder
        Initializes the binder with a root component and viewModel object. You should never call this if you use AnnotateBinder and zk annotation
        Specified by:
        init in interface Binder
        Parameters:
        comp - root component of binder
        viewModel - viewModel object
        initArgs - args key-value pairs for initial, nullable
        Since:
        6.0.1

      • destroy

        public void destroy​(Component comp,
                    java.lang.Object viewModel)
        Description copied from interface: Binder
        Destroys the binder with a root component and viewModel object. You should never call this if you use AnnotateBinder and zk annotation
        Specified by:
        destroy in interface Binder
        Parameters:
        comp - root component of binder
        viewModel - viewModel object

      • checkInit

        protected void checkInit()

      • getBindings

        public java.util.Map<java.lang.String,​java.util.List<Binding>> getBindings​(Component comp)

      • setViewModel

        public void setViewModel​(java.lang.Object vm)
        Description copied from interface: Binder
        Sets associated ViewModel of this binder.
        Specified by:
        setViewModel in interface Binder
        Parameters:
        vm - the associated view model of this binder.

      • getViewModel

        public java.lang.Object getViewModel()
        Description copied from interface: Binder
        Returns associated ViewModel of this binder.
        Specified by:
        getViewModel in interface Binder
        Returns:
        associated ViewModel of this binder.

      • getConverter

        public Converter getConverter​(java.lang.String name)
        Description copied from interface: Binder
        Returns the _converter of the given _converter name.
        Specified by:
        getConverter in interface Binder
        Parameters:
        name - _converter name
        Returns:
        the _converter of the given _converter name.

      • getValidator

        public Validator getValidator​(java.lang.String name)
        Description copied from interface: Binder
        Returns the _validator of the given _validator name.
        Specified by:
        getValidator in interface Binder
        Parameters:
        name - _validator name
        Returns:
        the _validator of the given _validator name.

      • getRenderer

        protected java.lang.Object getRenderer​(java.lang.String name)

      • storeForm

        public void storeForm​(Component comp,
                      java.lang.String id,
                      Form form)
        Description copied from interface: BinderCtrl
        Store the form in the component with id
        Specified by:
        storeForm in interface BinderCtrl
        Parameters:
        comp - the component to store the form
        id - the form id
        form - the form instance

      • getForm

        public Form getForm​(Component comp,
                    java.lang.String id)
        Description copied from interface: BinderCtrl
        Get the form of the component
        Specified by:
        getForm in interface BinderCtrl
        Parameters:
        comp - the component has the form
        id - the form id
        Returns:
        the form if there is a form inside the component with the id

      • addFormInitBinding

        public void addFormInitBinding​(Component comp,
                               java.lang.String id,
                               java.lang.String initExpr,
                               java.util.Map<java.lang.String,​java.lang.Object> initArgs)
        Description copied from interface: Binder
        init a component form by expression, it only execute once
        Specified by:
        addFormInitBinding in interface Binder
        Parameters:
        comp - the associated component, must not null
        id - the form id, must not null
        initExpr - init expression, nullable
        initArgs - args key-value pairs for this init, nullable

      • addFormLoadBindings

        public void addFormLoadBindings​(Component comp,
                                java.lang.String id,
                                java.lang.String loadExpr,
                                java.lang.String[] beforeCmds,
                                java.lang.String[] afterCmds,
                                java.util.Map<java.lang.String,​java.lang.Object> bindingArgs)
        Description copied from interface: Binder
        Add new form-load-bindings. It create a prompt|conditional form-load-binding depends on beforeCmds and afterCmds. If both beforeCmds and afterCmds are null or empty, it create a prompt binding.
        Specified by:
        addFormLoadBindings in interface Binder
        Parameters:
        comp - the associated component, must not null
        id - the form id, must not null
        loadExpr - load expression, nullable
        beforeCmds - load before these commands, the command here is not a EL expression. nullable
        afterCmds - load after these commands, the command here is not a EL expression. nullable
        bindingArgs - args key-value pairs for this binding, nullable

      • addFormSaveBindings

        public void addFormSaveBindings​(Component comp,
                                java.lang.String id,
                                java.lang.String saveExpr,
                                java.lang.String[] beforeCmds,
                                java.lang.String[] afterCmds,
                                java.util.Map<java.lang.String,​java.lang.Object> bindingArgs,
                                java.lang.String validatorExpr,
                                java.util.Map<java.lang.String,​java.lang.Object> validatorArgs)
        Description copied from interface: Binder
        Add new form-save-bindings. It create a conditional form-save-binding depends on beforeCmds and afterCmds. Since form-save-binding is always triggered by command, if both beforeCmds and afterCmds are null or empty, it throws an exception.
        Specified by:
        addFormSaveBindings in interface Binder
        Parameters:
        comp - the associated component, must not null
        id - the form id, must not null
        saveExpr - save expression, nullable
        beforeCmds - save before these commands, the command here is not a EL expression. nullable
        afterCmds - save after these commands, the command here is not a EL expression. nullable
        bindingArgs - args key-value pairs for this binding, nullable
        validatorExpr - the converter expression, nullable
        validatorArgs - args key-value pairs for validator, nullable

      • addPropertyInitBinding

        public void addPropertyInitBinding​(Component comp,
                                   java.lang.String attr,
                                   java.lang.String initExpr,
                                   java.util.Map<java.lang.String,​java.lang.Object> initArgs,
                                   java.lang.String converterExpr,
                                   java.util.Map<java.lang.String,​java.lang.Object> converterArgs)
        Description copied from interface: Binder
        init a component property by a expression, it only execute once
        Specified by:
        addPropertyInitBinding in interface Binder
        Parameters:
        comp - the associated component, must not null
        attr - the associated attribute of the component; ex label, style, must not null
        initExpr - init expression, must not null
        initArgs - args key-value pairs for initial, nullable
        converterExpr - the converter expression, nullable
        converterArgs - args key-value pairs for converter, nullable

      • addPropertyLoadBindings

        public void addPropertyLoadBindings​(Component comp,
                                    java.lang.String attr,
                                    java.lang.String loadExpr,
                                    java.lang.String[] beforeCmds,
                                    java.lang.String[] afterCmds,
                                    java.util.Map<java.lang.String,​java.lang.Object> bindingArgs,
                                    java.lang.String converterExpr,
                                    java.util.Map<java.lang.String,​java.lang.Object> converterArgs)
        Description copied from interface: Binder
        Add new property-load-bindings. It creates a prompt|conditional property-load-binding depends on beforeCmds and afterCmds. If both beforeCmds and afterCmds are null or empty, it create a prompt binding.
        Specified by:
        addPropertyLoadBindings in interface Binder
        Parameters:
        comp - the associated component, must not null
        attr - the associated attribute of the component; ex label, style, must not null
        loadExpr - load expression, must not null
        beforeCmds - load before these commands, the command here is not a EL expression. nullable
        afterCmds - load after these commands, the command here is not a EL expression. nullable
        bindingArgs - args key-value pairs for this binding, nullable
        converterExpr - the converter expression, nullable
        converterArgs - args key-value pairs for converter, nullable

      • addPropertySaveBindings

        public void addPropertySaveBindings​(Component comp,
                                    java.lang.String attr,
                                    java.lang.String saveExpr,
                                    java.lang.String[] beforeCmds,
                                    java.lang.String[] afterCmds,
                                    java.util.Map<java.lang.String,​java.lang.Object> bindingArgs,
                                    java.lang.String converterExpr,
                                    java.util.Map<java.lang.String,​java.lang.Object> converterArgs,
                                    java.lang.String validatorExpr,
                                    java.util.Map<java.lang.String,​java.lang.Object> validatorArgs)
        Description copied from interface: Binder
        Add new property-save-bindings. It creates a prompt|conditional property-save-binding depends on beforeCmds and afterCmds. If both beforeCmds and afterCmds are null or empty, it create a prompt binding.
        Specified by:
        addPropertySaveBindings in interface Binder
        Parameters:
        comp - the associated component, must not null
        attr - the associated attribute of the component; ex value, check, must not null
        saveExpr - save expression, nullable
        beforeCmds - save before these commands, the command here is not a EL expression. nullable
        afterCmds - save after these commands, the command here is not a EL expression. nullable
        bindingArgs - args key-value pairs for this binding, nullable
        converterExpr - the converter expression, nullable
        converterArgs - args key-value pairs for converter, nullable
        validatorExpr - the converter expression, nullable
        validatorArgs - args key-value pairs for validator, nullable

      • newLoadPropertyBinding

        protected LoadPropertyBinding newLoadPropertyBinding​(Component comp,
                                                     java.lang.String attr,
                                                     java.lang.String loadAttr,
                                                     java.lang.Class<?> attrType,
                                                     java.lang.String loadExpr,
                                                     ConditionType conditionType,
                                                     java.lang.String command,
                                                     java.util.Map<java.lang.String,​java.lang.Object> bindingArgs,
                                                     java.lang.String converterExpr,
                                                     java.util.Map<java.lang.String,​java.lang.Object> converterArgs)
        Make this extenable.
        Since:
        7.0.3

      • newSavePropertyBinding

        protected SavePropertyBinding newSavePropertyBinding​(Component comp,
                                                     java.lang.String attr,
                                                     java.lang.String saveAttr,
                                                     java.lang.String saveExpr,
                                                     ConditionType conditionType,
                                                     java.lang.String command,
                                                     java.util.Map<java.lang.String,​java.lang.Object> bindingArgs,
                                                     java.lang.String converterExpr,
                                                     java.util.Map<java.lang.String,​java.lang.Object> converterArgs,
                                                     java.lang.String validatorExpr,
                                                     java.util.Map<java.lang.String,​java.lang.Object> validatorArgs)
        Make this extenable.
        Since:
        7.0.3

      • newInitPropertyBinding

        protected InitPropertyBinding newInitPropertyBinding​(Component comp,
                                                     java.lang.String attr,
                                                     java.lang.String loadAttr,
                                                     java.lang.Class<?> attrType,
                                                     java.lang.String initExpr,
                                                     java.util.Map<java.lang.String,​java.lang.Object> bindingArgs,
                                                     java.lang.String converterExpr,
                                                     java.util.Map<java.lang.String,​java.lang.Object> converterArgs)
        Make this extenable.
        Since:
        7.0.3

      • newInitChildrenBinding

        protected InitChildrenBinding newInitChildrenBinding​(Component comp,
                                                     java.lang.String initExpr,
                                                     java.util.Map<java.lang.String,​java.lang.Object> bindingArgs,
                                                     java.lang.String converterExpr,
                                                     java.util.Map<java.lang.String,​java.lang.Object> converterArgs)
        Make this extenable.
        Since:
        7.0.3

      • newLoadChildrenBinding

        protected LoadChildrenBinding newLoadChildrenBinding​(Component comp,
                                                     java.lang.String loadExpr,
                                                     ConditionType conditionType,
                                                     java.lang.String command,
                                                     java.util.Map<java.lang.String,​java.lang.Object> bindingArgs,
                                                     java.lang.String converterExpr,
                                                     java.util.Map<java.lang.String,​java.lang.Object> converterArgs)
        Make this extenable.
        Since:
        7.0.3

      • newCommandBinding

        protected CommandBinding newCommandBinding​(Component comp,
                                           java.lang.String evtnm,
                                           java.lang.String cmdScript,
                                           java.util.Map<java.lang.String,​java.lang.Object> args)
        Make this extenable.
        Since:
        7.0.3

      • newInitFormBinding

        protected InitFormBinding newInitFormBinding​(Component comp,
                                             java.lang.String formId,
                                             java.lang.String initExpr,
                                             java.util.Map<java.lang.String,​java.lang.Object> bindingArgs)
        Make this extenable.
        Since:
        7.0.3

      • newLoadFormBinding

        protected LoadFormBinding newLoadFormBinding​(Component comp,
                                             java.lang.String formId,
                                             java.lang.String loadExpr,
                                             ConditionType conditionType,
                                             java.lang.String command,
                                             java.util.Map<java.lang.String,​java.lang.Object> bindingArgs)
        Make this extenable.
        Since:
        7.0.3

      • newSaveFormBinding

        protected SaveFormBinding newSaveFormBinding​(Component comp,
                                             java.lang.String formId,
                                             java.lang.String saveExpr,
                                             ConditionType conditionType,
                                             java.lang.String command,
                                             java.util.Map<java.lang.String,​java.lang.Object> bindingArgs,
                                             java.lang.String validatorExpr,
                                             java.util.Map<java.lang.String,​java.lang.Object> validatorArgs)
        Make this extenable.
        Since:
        7.0.3

      • addChildrenInitBinding

        public void addChildrenInitBinding​(Component comp,
                                   java.lang.String initExpr,
                                   java.util.Map<java.lang.String,​java.lang.Object> initArgs,
                                   java.lang.String converterExpr,
                                   java.util.Map<java.lang.String,​java.lang.Object> converterArgs)
        Description copied from interface: Binder
        init children of a component by an expression, it only execute once
        Specified by:
        addChildrenInitBinding in interface Binder
        Parameters:
        comp - the associated component, must not null
        initExpr - init expression, must not null
        initArgs - args key-value pairs for initial, nullable
        converterExpr - the converter expression, nullable
        converterArgs - args key-value pairs for converter, nullable

      • addChildrenLoadBindings

        public void addChildrenLoadBindings​(Component comp,
                                    java.lang.String loadExpr,
                                    java.lang.String[] beforeCmds,
                                    java.lang.String[] afterCmds,
                                    java.util.Map<java.lang.String,​java.lang.Object> bindingArgs,
                                    java.lang.String converterExpr,
                                    java.util.Map<java.lang.String,​java.lang.Object> converterArgs)
        Description copied from interface: Binder
        Add new children-load-bindings. It creates a prompt|conditional children-load-binding depends on beforeCmds and afterCmds. If both beforeCmds and afterCmds are null or empty, it create a prompt binding.
        Specified by:
        addChildrenLoadBindings in interface Binder
        Parameters:
        comp - the associated component, must not null
        loadExpr - load expression, must not null
        beforeCmds - load before these commands, the command here is not a EL expression. nullable
        afterCmds - load after these commands, the command here is not a EL expression. nullable
        bindingArgs - args key-value pairs for this binding, nullable
        converterExpr - the converter expression, nullable
        converterArgs - args key-value pairs for converter, nullable

      • addReferenceBinding

        public void addReferenceBinding​(Component comp,
                                java.lang.String attr,
                                java.lang.String loadExpr,
                                java.util.Map<java.lang.String,​java.lang.Object> bindingArgs)
        Description copied from interface: Binder
        Add a new reference-binding. It creates an attribute as the reference of the expression in the component.
        Specified by:
        addReferenceBinding in interface Binder
        Parameters:
        comp - the associated component, must not null
        attr - the name of reference that stored in the component; ex myval, must not null
        loadExpr - load expression, must not null
        bindingArgs - args key-value pairs for this binding, nullable

      • addCommandBinding

        public void addCommandBinding​(Component comp,
                              java.lang.String evtnm,
                              java.lang.String commandExpr,
                              java.util.Map<java.lang.String,​java.lang.Object> args)
        Description copied from interface: Binder
        Add a new command binding.
        Specified by:
        addCommandBinding in interface Binder
        Parameters:
        comp - the associated component
        evtnm - the associated component event name
        commandExpr - the command expression
        args - other key-value pairs pairs for command

      • addGlobalCommandBinding

        public void addGlobalCommandBinding​(Component comp,
                                    java.lang.String evtnm,
                                    java.lang.String commandExpr,
                                    java.util.Map<java.lang.String,​java.lang.Object> args)
        Description copied from interface: Binder
        Add a new global-command binding.
        Specified by:
        addGlobalCommandBinding in interface Binder
        Parameters:
        comp - the associated component
        evtnm - the associated component event name
        commandExpr - the command expression
        args - other key-value pairs pairs for command

      • isActivating

        public boolean isActivating()
        Description copied from interface: BinderCtrl
        check if binder is in activating state
        Specified by:
        isActivating in interface BinderCtrl
        Returns:
        true if binder is currently in activating state
        Since:
        6.0.1

      • sendCommand

        public int sendCommand​(java.lang.String command,
                       java.util.Map<java.lang.String,​java.lang.Object> args)
        Description copied from interface: Binder
        send command fired to this binder and process the command immediately
        Specified by:
        sendCommand in interface Binder
        Parameters:
        command - command name
        args - , arguments when notifying this command, it will be passed as a arguments of execution method of vm
        Returns:
        the result of the doCommand, COMMAND_SUCCESS or COMMAND_FAIL_VALIDATE (since 8.0.1)

      • fireNotifyChanges

        protected void fireNotifyChanges​(java.util.Set<Property> notifys)

      • postCommand

        public void postCommand​(java.lang.String command,
                        java.util.Map<java.lang.String,​java.lang.Object> args)
        Description copied from interface: Binder
        post command this binder, binder will queue the command, and fired later.
        Specified by:
        postCommand in interface Binder
        Parameters:
        command - command name
        args - , arguments when notifying this command, it will be passed as a arguments of execution method of vm

      • doExecute

        protected void doExecute​(Component comp,
                         java.lang.String command,
                         java.util.Map<java.lang.String,​java.lang.Object> commandArgs,
                         BindContext ctx,
                         java.util.Set<Property> notifys)

      • doLoadBefore

        protected void doLoadBefore​(Component comp,
                            java.lang.String command,
                            BindContext ctx)

      • doLoadAfter

        protected void doLoadAfter​(Component comp,
                           java.lang.String command,
                           BindContext ctx)

      • removeBindings

        public void removeBindings​(java.util.Set<Component> comps)
        Description copied from interface: Binder
        Remove all managed bindings that associated with the specified components.
        Specified by:
        removeBindings in interface Binder

      • removeBindings

        public void removeBindings​(Component comp)
        Remove all bindings that associated with the specified component.
        Specified by:
        removeBindings in interface Binder
        Parameters:
        comp - the component

      • removeBindings

        public void removeBindings​(Component comp,
                           java.lang.String key)
        Remove all bindings that associated with the specified component and key (_fieldExpr|evtnm|formid).
        Specified by:
        removeBindings in interface Binder
        Parameters:
        comp - the component
        key - can be component attribute, event name, or form id

      • getLoadPromptBindings

        public java.util.List<Binding> getLoadPromptBindings​(Component comp,
                                                     java.lang.String attr)
        Description copied from interface: BinderCtrl
        get all load prompt binding of the component and attribute
        Specified by:
        getLoadPromptBindings in interface BinderCtrl
        Parameters:
        comp - the component is relative to the bindings
        attr - the attribute is relative to the bindings
        Returns:
        the prompt-load-bindings

      • setTemplate

        public void setTemplate​(Component comp,
                        java.lang.String attr,
                        java.lang.String templateExpr,
                        java.util.Map<java.lang.String,​java.lang.Object> templateArgs)
        Description copied from interface: Binder
        set template to a component property by an expression
        Specified by:
        setTemplate in interface Binder
        Parameters:
        comp - the associated component, must not null
        attr - the associated attribute of the component; ex label, style, must not null
        templateExpr - template expression, must not null
        templateArgs - args key-value pairs for template, nullable

      • getTracker

        public Tracker getTracker()
        Description copied from interface: BinderCtrl
        Returns associated dependency tracker of this binder.
        Specified by:
        getTracker in interface BinderCtrl
        Returns:
        associated dependency tracker of this binder.

      • loadComponent

        public void loadComponent​(Component comp,
                          boolean loadinit)
        Internal Use only. init and load the component
        Specified by:
        loadComponent in interface Binder
        Parameters:
        comp - the component to reload
        loadinit - true if should also load the init-binding

      • getDynamicAttrs

        public java.util.Map<java.lang.String,​java.lang.Object> getDynamicAttrs()
        Internal use only.
        Since:
        8.0.0

      • setDynamicAttrs

        public void setDynamicAttrs​(java.lang.String command,
                            java.lang.Object value)
        Internal use only.
        Since:
        8.0.0

      • loadComponent0

        protected void loadComponent0​(Component comp,
                              boolean loadinit)

      • notifyChange

        public void notifyChange​(java.lang.Object base,
                         java.lang.String attr)
        Description copied from interface: Binder
        Notify change of the property.
        Specified by:
        notifyChange in interface Binder
        Parameters:
        base - the backing bean object.
        attr - the property of the bean that change the value

      • setPhaseListener

        public void setPhaseListener​(PhaseListener listener)
        Description copied from interface: Binder
        Sets the associated phase listener to intervene the binding life cycle.
        Specified by:
        setPhaseListener in interface Binder
        Parameters:
        listener - the associated phase listener.

      • addFormAssociatedSaveBinding

        public void addFormAssociatedSaveBinding​(Component associatedComp,
                                         java.lang.String formId,
                                         SaveBinding saveBinding,
                                         java.lang.String fieldName)
        Description copied from interface: BinderCtrl
        Add a association between formId and a associated save binding(save binding inside a form), the form has to exist in the parent components
        Specified by:
        addFormAssociatedSaveBinding in interface BinderCtrl
        Parameters:
        associatedComp - associated component inside a form binding
        formId - the form id
        saveBinding - the nested save binding in side a form binding
        fieldName - the associated form fieldName for the associated save binding

      • getFormAssociatedSaveBindings

        public java.util.Set<SaveBinding> getFormAssociatedSaveBindings​(Component comp)
        Description copied from interface: BinderCtrl
        Get associated save bindings of a form in a component
        Specified by:
        getFormAssociatedSaveBindings in interface BinderCtrl
        Parameters:
        comp - the component that contains the form
        Returns:
        all associated save binding in the form

      • hasValidator

        public boolean hasValidator​(Component comp,
                            java.lang.String attr)
        Description copied from interface: BinderCtrl
        is there a validator on the attribute of component
        Specified by:
        hasValidator in interface BinderCtrl
        Parameters:
        comp - the component to check
        attr - the attribute to check
        Returns:
        true if there is a validator

      • getView

        public Component getView()
        Description copied from interface: Binder
        Returns associated root component of this binder.
        Specified by:
        getView in interface Binder
        Returns:
        associated root component of this binder.

      • getQueueName

        public java.lang.String getQueueName()
        Description copied from interface: BinderCtrl
        Returns the queue name of this binder
        Specified by:
        getQueueName in interface BinderCtrl

      • getQueueScope

        public java.lang.String getQueueScope()
        Description copied from interface: BinderCtrl
        Returns the queue scope of this binder
        Specified by:
        getQueueScope in interface BinderCtrl

      • getMatchMediaValue

        public java.util.Map<java.lang.String,​java.lang.reflect.Method> getMatchMediaValue()
        Description copied from interface: BinderCtrl
        Returns an unmodifiable Map containing all the MatchMedia annotation values of this binder. If there's no MatchMedia annotation, it returns an empty Map.
        Specified by:
        getMatchMediaValue in interface BinderCtrl

      • addSaveFormFieldName

        public void addSaveFormFieldName​(Form form,
                                 java.lang.String fieldName)
        Description copied from interface: BinderCtrl
        Adds a field name for saving with the given Form.
        Specified by:
        addSaveFormFieldName in interface BinderCtrl
        fieldName - field name to be saved into.

      • addSaveFormFieldName

        public void addSaveFormFieldName​(Form form,
                                 java.util.Set<java.lang.String> fieldNames)
        Description copied from interface: BinderCtrl
        Adds all field names for saving with the given Form.
        Specified by:
        addSaveFormFieldName in interface BinderCtrl
        fieldNames - field name to be saved into.

      • removeSaveFormFieldNames

        public java.util.Set<java.lang.String> removeSaveFormFieldNames​(Form self)
        Description copied from interface: BinderCtrl
        Remove all field names for saving with the given Form.
        Specified by:
        removeSaveFormFieldNames in interface BinderCtrl

      • getSaveFormFieldNames

        public java.util.Set<java.lang.String> getSaveFormFieldNames​(Form form)
        Description copied from interface: BinderCtrl
        Returns all field names for saving with the given Form.
        Specified by:
        getSaveFormFieldNames in interface BinderCtrl

      • initQueue

        public void initQueue()
        Internal use only. Check and init queue
        Specified by:
        initQueue in interface BinderCtrl

      • initActivator

        public void initActivator()
        Internal use only. Check and init Activator
        Specified by:
        initActivator in interface BinderCtrl