ZK Developer's Reference/MVC/Model/Tree Model

Here we describe how to implement a tree model (TreeModel). For the concepts of component, model and render, please refer to the Model-driven Display section.

A tree model is used to control how to display a tree-like component, such as Tree.

Instead of implementing TreeModel from scratch, it is suggested to extend from AbstractTreeModel, which will handle the data listeners transparently, while it allows the maximal flexibility, such as load-on-demand and caching.

In addition, if the tree is small enough to be loaded completely, you could use the default implementation, DefaultTreeModel, which uses DefaultTreeNode to construct a tree.

---

Example: Load-on-Demand Tree with AbstractTreeModel

Implementing all TreeModel directly provides the maximal flexibility, such as load-on-demand and caching. For example, you don't have to load a node until TreeModel.getChild(Object, int) is called. In addition, you could load and cache all children of a given node when TreeModel.getChild(Object, int) is called the first time against a particular node, and then return a child directly if it is in the cache.

For example (pseudo code):

public class MyModel extends AbstractTreeModel {
    public Object getChild(Object parent, int index) {
        Object[] children = _cache.get(parent); //assume you have a cache for children of a given node
        if (children == null)
            children = _cache.loadChildren(parent); //ask cache to load all children of a given node
        return children[index];
    }
...

By extending from AbstractTreeModel, you need only to implement three methods: TreeModel.getChild(Object, int), TreeModel.getChildCount(Object), and TreeModel.isLeaf(Object). Optionally, you could implement TreeModel.getIndexOfChild(Object, langObject), if you have a better algorithm than iterating through all children of a given parent.

Here is a simple example, which generates a four-level tree and each branch has five children:

package foo;
public class FooModel extends AbstractTreeModel {
    public FooModel() {
        super("Root");
    }
    public boolean isLeaf(Object node) {
        return getLevel((String)node) >= 4; //at most 4 levels
    }
    public Object getChild(Object parent, int index) {
        return parent + "." + index;
    }
    public int getChildCount(Object parent) {
        return isLeaf(parent) ? 0: 5; //each node has 5 children
    }
    public int getIndexOfChild(Object parent, Object child) {
        String data = (String)child;
        int i = data.lastIndexOf('.');
        return Integer.parseInt(data.substring(i + 1));
    }
    private int getLevel(String data) {
        for (int i = -1, level = 0;; ++level)
            if ((i = data.indexOf('.', i + 1)) < 0)
                return level;
    }
};

Then, we could have a ZUML document to display it as follows.

<?taglib uri="http://www.zkoss.org/dsp/web/core" prefix="c" ?>
<tree model="${c:new('foo.FooModel')}">
    <treecols>
        <treecol label="Names"/>
    </treecols>
</tree>

And, the result

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Example: In-Memory Tree with DefaultTreeModel

Since 5.0.6

If you prefer to use TreeNode to construct the tree dynamically, you could use DefaultTreeModel and DefaultTreeNode. The use is straightfoward, but it means that the whole tree must be constructed before having it being displayed.

For example, suppose we want to show up a tree of file information, and the file information is stored as FileInfo:

package foo;
public class FileInfo {
    public final String path;
    public final String description;
    public FileInfo(String path, String description) {
           this.path = path;
           this.description = description;
    }
}

Then, we could create a tree of file information with DefaultTreeModel as follows.

TreeModel model = new DefaultTreeModel(
  new DefaultTreeNode(null,
    new DefaultTreeNode[] {
      new DefaultTreeNode(new FileInfo("/doc", "Release and License Notes")),
      new DefaultTreeNode(new FileInfo("/dist", "Distribution"),
        new DefaultTreeNode[] {
          new DefaultTreeNode(new FileInfo("/lib", "ZK Libraries"),
            new DefaultTreeNode[] {
              new DefaultTreeNode(new FileInfo("zcommon.jar", "ZK Common Library")),
              new DefaultTreeNode(new FileInfo("zk.jar", "ZK Core Library"))
            }),
          new DefaultTreeNode(new FileInfo("/src", "Source Code")),
          new DefaultTreeNode(new FileInfo("/xsd", "XSD Files"))
        })
      }
  ));

To render FileInfo, you have to implement a custom renderer. For example,

package foo;
import org.zkoss.zul.*;
public class FileInfoRenderer implements TreeitemRenderer {
    public void render(Treeitem item, Object data) throws Exception {
        FileInfo fi = (FileInfo)data.getData();
        Treerow tr = new Treerow();
        item.appendChild(tr);
        tr.appendChild(new Treecell(fi.path));
        tr.appendChild(new Treecell(fi.description));
    }
}

Then, we could put them together in a ZUML document:

<div apply="foo.FileInfoTreeController">
    <tree id="tree">
        <treecols>
            <treecol label="Path"/>
            <treecol label="Description"/>
        </treecols>
    </tree>
</div>

where we assume you have a controller, foo.FileInfoTreeController, to bind them together. For example,

package foo;
import org.zkoss.zul.Tree;
public class FileInfoTreeController implements org.zkoss.zk.ui.util.GenericForwardComposer {
    private Tree tree;
    public void doAfterCompose(org.zkoss.zk.ui.Component comp) {
        tree.setModel(new DefaultTreeModel(..../*as shown above*/));
        tree.setItemRenderer(new FooRenderer());
    }
}

Then, the result:

Notice that you could manipulate the tree dynamically (such as adding a node with DefaultTreeNode.add(TreeNode)). The tree shown at the browser will be modified accordingly.

Open Treeitem

By default, the child treeitems (Treeitem) are closed. In other words, Treeitem.isOpen() is default to false. If you prefer to open them, you could invoke Treeitem.setOpen(boolean) with true in the renderer, such as:

public class FileInfoRenderer implements TreeitemRenderer {
    public void render(Treeitem item, Object data) throws Exception {
        FileInfo fi = data.getData();
        Treerow tr = new Treerow();
        item.appendChild(tr);
        item.setOpen(shallOpen(fi));
        tr.appendChild(new Treecell(fi.path));
        tr.appendChild(new Treecell(fi.description));
    }
    private boolean shallOpen(FileInfo fi) {
        //check whether to open the given FileInfo
        ...
    }
}

Example: Create/Update/Delete operation with DefaultTreeNode

Since 5.0.6

To demonstrate the example, first we add the following content in the ZUML document:

<tree id="tree">
...
</tree>
<grid>
    <auxhead>
        <auxheader colspan="2" label="Add/Edit FileInfo" />
    </auxhead>
    <columns visible="false">
        <column />
        <column />
    </columns>
    <rows>
        <row>
            <cell><textbox id="pathTbx" /></cell>
            <cell><textbox id="descriptionTbx" width="300px"/></cell>
        </row>
        <row>
            <cell colspan="2" align="center">
                index: <intbox id="index" /><button id="create" label="Add to selected parent node" />
                <button id="update" label="update" />
                <button id="delete" label="delete" />
            </cell>
        </row>
    </rows>
</grid>

Add/Insert

DefaultTreeNode provide DefaultTreeNode.add(TreeNode) and DefaultTreeNode.insert(TreeNode, int) that can manipulate the tree dynamically.

Here we register onClick event to create Button in foo.FileInfoTreeController:

//wire component as member fields
private Textbox pathTbx;
private Textbox descriptionTbx;
private Intbox index;
//register onClick event for creating new object into tree model
public void onClick$create() {
    String path = pathTbx.getValue();
    String description = descriptionTbx.getValue();
    if ("".equals(path)) {
        alert("no new content to add");
    } else {
        Treeitem selectedTreeItem = tree.getSelectedItem();
        DefaultTreeNode newNode = new DefaultTreeNode(new FileInfo(path, description));
        DefaultTreeNode selectedTreeNode = null;
        Integer i = index.getValue();
        // if no treeitem is selected, append child to root
        if (selectedTreeItem == null) {
            selectedTreeNode = (DefaultTreeNode) ((DefaultTreeModel) tree.getModel()).getRoot();
            if (i == null)
                selectedTreeNode.add(newNode);
            else
                selectedTreeNode.insert(newNode, i);
        } else {
            selectedTreeNode = (DefaultTreeNode) selectedTreeItem.getValue();

            if (selectedTreeNode.isLeaf())
                selectedTreeNode = selectedTreeNode.getParent();

            if  (i == null)
                selectedTreeNode.add(newNode);
            else
                selectedTreeNode.insert(newNode, i);
        }
    }
}

If index is not specify, we add new node using DefaultTreeNode.add(TreeNode) at bottom of the parent node by default, otherwise we use DefaultTreeNode.insert(TreeNode, int) to insert new node before the specified index.

Update/Delete

DefaultTreeNode provide DefaultTreeNode.setData(Object) that can update the selected tree item and DefaultTreeNode.removeFromParent() that can delete the selected tree item from it's parent node.

Here we register onClick event to update and delete Button in foo.FileInfoTreeController:

//register onClick event for updating edited data in tree model
public void onClick$update() {
    Treeitem selectedTreeItem = treeGrid.getSelectedItem();
    if(selectedTreeItem == null) {
        alert("select one item to update");
    } else {
        DefaultTreeNode selectedTreeNode = (DefaultTreeNode) selectedTreeItem.getValue();
        //get current FileInfo from selected tree node
        FileInfo fileInfo = (FileInfo) selectedTreeNode.getData();
        //set new value of current FileInfo
        fileInfo.setPath(pathTbx.getValue());
        fileInfo.setDescription(descriptionTbx.getValue());
        //set current FileInfo in the selected tree node
        selectedTreeNode.setData(fileInfo);
    }
}

//register onClick event for removing data in tree model
public void onClick$delete() {
    final Treeitem selectedTreeItem = treeGrid.getSelectedItem();
    if(selectedTreeItem == null) {
        alert("select one item to delete");
    } else {
        DefaultTreeNode selectedTreeNode = (DefaultTreeNode) selectedTreeItem.getValue();
        selectedTreeNode.removeFromParent();
    }
}

Version History

Version	Date	Content
5.0.6	January 2011	TreeNode, DefaultTreeNode and DefaultTreeModel were intrdocued.
5.0.6	October 2011	DefaultTreeNode.add(TreeNode), DefaultTreeNode.insert(TreeNode, int), DefaultTreeNode.setData(Object) and DefaultTreeNode.removeFromParent() were intrdocued.